Deepar LAKE
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Deepar Beel is one of the largest and most important riverine wetland in Assam's Brahmaputra valley. It is Located between Latitude: 26° 05 North to 26° 11’ North and Longitude: 91º 35’ East to 91º 43’ East.  Deepar beel covers an area of 40.14 sq km and varies in depth from approx. 1 meter to 4 meter depending upon the season.

Deepar Beel is one of the largest staging sites for migratory birds in India; some of the largest congregations of aquatic birds in Assam can be seen here, particularly in winter. The wetland supports a highly concentrated and diverse indigenous freshwater fish population. The wetland is a major fish breeding ground, which supplies fish stocks to other nearby wetlands and rivers. Because of the richness of avian fauna, Deepar Beel has been selected as one of the Important Bird Area (IBA) sites by Birdlife International and is the only Ramsar Site in the state of Assam.

In addition to the invaluable fish and bird population of Deepar Beel, a large number of wetland vegetables, fruits and medicinal plants grow here. The area provides the only major stormwater storage basin for the City of Guwahati.

Earlier the wetland was spread over 4000 ha now it has shrunk to 500 ha. Between 1990-2002, the wetland shrunk by 14.1 % (405 ha). Illegal construction in the buffer zone, dumping of garbage by the municipality, encroachment of the lakebed, brick kiln and soil quarrying in the lakebed are the direct threats on the wetland. The biodiversity which is the most important part of the lake’s ecosystem is also in danger. 

Two PILs have been filed for this lake one against the encroachment and other for dumping garbage in the catchment area. The first PIL was filed by Unnayan Samiti secretary Biplabananda Choudhary aginst which a stay order was declared by the High Court. In the same year the Guwahati Municipal Corporation started dumping garbage in the nearby area of the lake. The residents feared pollution of the waterbody and outbreak of epidemic. They filed PIL in 2007 when the authorities turned a deaf year against their concern.
     
   
 
 
     
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Down To Earth


Drained Dry
These are the local wetlands in Assam on account of shortsighted flood control measures and unsavoury fishing practices.



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Assam's wetland, Deepar beel, under threat


The 33rd National Games, which ended on February 18 in Guwahati, Assam, has once again brought into focus the plight of Deepar beel, a degraded wetland. It was the venue for the rowing competitions.

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Dying Wetlands
A survey conducted by the Assam Remote Sensing Application Centre (arsac), Guwahati, and the Space Research Centre, Ahemdabad, has revealed that 1,367 out of 3,513 wetlands in Assam are under severe threat.



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RESEARCH PAPERS


Evidence of biological degradation in sediments of Deepar Beel
Ramsar Site, Assam as inferred by degraded palynomorphs and fungal remains

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Remote Sensing Based Study on Channel Changes and Wetland Ecosystem Dynamics of Brahmaputra River in India



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  CHRONOLOGY  
     
 

1989:  As a response to the public out cry (initiated by Institute for Scientific and Technological Research), the State Forest Department proposed 414 hectares (out of total 4,000 hectares) of Deepar Beel as a Wildlife Sanctuary (preliminary gazette notification) under Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.

1995: The Revenue Department had allotted a plot of six bighas to the Tourism Development Corporation for construction of a tourist lodge despite the resolution of the high-level committee on wetland conservation.

1997: Deepar Beel Management Authority was formed by the State Government to oversee the conservation and development of Deepar Beel. It remains effectively non-functional till date.

2002: Declared Ramsar site in 2002.

2004: Bird life International included Deepar among the five select wetlands from Assam-Syhlet region as an Important Bird Area with an outstanding grade.
2006: A petition was filed by the Unnayan Samiti secretary Biplabananda Choudhary against construction on the lake bed by the state government as a part of Tourism development.

2006: The Guwahati High Court issued a stay order on September 21 on the building project.

2006: Guwahati Municipal Corporation (GMC) started to dump waste in Paschim Boragaon closer to the water body.

2006: A study conducted by the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology under the Union department of science and technology found that water percolating through solid wastes has polluted the nearby water bodies, which are connected to Deepar Beel. The institute had cautioned that contamination of Deepar Beel would harm the biodiversity of the lake. The study highlighted the fact that the dumping ground is situated close to human habitation, which could create health hazard for the residents as the area would become a breeding ground of cockroaches and mosquitoes and other pests, which can transmit diseases like malaria, yellow fever, dengue and encephalitis.

2006: Deepar beel finalized the venue for the 33rd National rowing competitions. 

2006: Assam Science, Technology, and Environment Council started a massive desilting and digging project at Deepar with an objective of increasing water storage and deterring further encroachment into the wetland.

2006: The dredging activity by the Assam Science Technology and Environment Council got mired in legal and financial problems.

2007: Campaign launched to save Deepar beel, the lone Ramsar Site of the State by the authorities. The participants included the faculty members, research scholars, students, officers, employees and workers of the Guwahati University, concerned citizens of the city and the students and teachers of the Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar Academy.

2007: The residents near the dumpsite files a PIL. 

2007: A three-member committee was formed by the High Court. GMC was directed to spray pesticides in the neighboring area of the lake to prevent health hazards.

2008: Pollution control had given the state government issued a warning for outbreak of epidemic in the area.

2008: The Guwahati Water bodies (Preservation and Conservation) Bill, 2008 passed. The objective is to preserve the wetland, minimize the problem of water logging in the city and create an eco-friendly atmosphere. With this Bill at its command, the Government of Assam is planning to re-acquire land in the periphery of Deepar Beel, to undertake development projects, including water sports at the beel, and for this purpose a budgetary allocation of about US $3 million (Rs.12 crores) has been approved.

2009: Despite prohibition by the government and its various steps for eco-tourism development, illegal earth cutting is continuing at Deepar Beel. The conscious people in the locality feared that unless such illegal activities are stopped, the very existence of the beel will collapse. They therefore urged the authority concerned to halt such activities soon.



May 2009: Save Guwahati Build Guwahati, a Guwahati based NGO has made an appeal to the Kamrup (Metro) District authorities to take stringent measures immediately to bring an end to all illegal constructions in the lake area.



June 2009: The student organisation, All Assam Students Union (AASU) along with the residents had staged a protest demonstration and highlighted the threats faced by the wetland.



January 2011: Forest department has banned fishing in the freshwater lake in a bid to preserve the wetland ecosystem.

A huge community of more than 820 families from Keotpara in Azara depend on the lake for its livelihood, especially during the occasion of Magh Bihu. Nine villages have urged the forest department to allow them to fish during the festival as it's a ritual.

 
       
     
       
 
   
       
  PEOPLE    
       
 
S.K. bera, Swati dixit,
S. K. Basumatary
Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany
53, University Road
Lucknow 226 007
E-mail: Skbera_2000@yahoo.com

Rajib Gogoi
Botanical Survey of India,
Shillong 793 003

Dr. Achintya Bezbaruah
Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State
University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
Telephone: 701-231-7461
Fax: 701-231-6185.
E-mail: a.bezbaruah@ndsu.edu

  Pradip Sharma
Department of Geography
Cotton College
Panbazar Guwahati - 781001.
Assam, India.
Telephone: 0361-2608074, 0361-2510667
Website: www.cottoncollege.org

Dr. Prasanta Saikia
(Deepar Beel Ramsar Site Conservation Community)
Department of Zoology
Guwahati University
Guwahati-781014, India
Email: saikiapk@rediffmail.com
     
NGO

ARANYAK
EVER GREEN
50, Samanwoy Path
Survey, P.O. Beltola
Guwahati -781028
Assam
E-mail: info@aaranyak.org
Telephone: +91-361-2230250
Fax: +91-361-2228418

Contact:
Dr. Bibhab Talukdar
Email: bibhab@aaranyak.org

EARLY BIRDS
26 'Surujmukh'
P O Silpukhuri
Guwahati -781003
Assam
Telephone: +91-361-546353

Contact :
Mr. Moloy Barua
Email: moloybaruah@yahoo.co.in
     
Government Department

Assam Science Technology and Environment Council
Bigyan Bhawan
Near IDBI Building
G.S. Road,
Guwahati-781005
Assam, India
Telephone: +91 361 - 2461240/ 2464618/ 2464619/ 2464621
Fax: +91 - 361 - 2461217

E-mail:astec@rediffmail.com