| S.No. |
Pesticide Name |
What it
is used for |
Health impacts |
| 1. |
DDT |
Effective against wide variety
of insects, including domestic insects and mosquitoes |
Chronic liver damage cirrhosis
and chronic hepatitis, endocrine and reproductive disorders, immuno suppression, cytogenic
effects, breast cancer, Non hodkins lymphoma, polyneuritis. |
| 2. |
Endosulfan |
It is used as a broad spectrum
non systemic, contact and stomach insecticide, and acaricide against insect pests on
various crops |
Effects kidneys, developing
foetus, and liver Immuno-suppression, decrease in the quality of semen, increase in
testicular and prostate cancer, increase in defects in male sex organs, and increased
incidence of breast cancer. It is also mutatagenic |
| 3. |
Aldrin |
Effective against wireworms and
to control termites |
Lung cancer, liver diseases |
| 4. |
Dieldrin |
Used against ectoparasites such
as blowflies, ticks, lice and widely employed in cattle and sheep dips. Also used to
protect fabrics from moths, beetles and against carrot and cabbage root flies/ Also used
as seed dressing against wheat and bulbfly |
Liver diseases, Parkinson's
& Alzheimer's diseases |
| 5. |
Heptachlor |
It controls soil inhibiting
pests. |
Reproductive disorders, blood
dyscariasis |
| 6. |
Chlordane |
It is a contact,
stomach and respiratory poison suitable for the control of soil pests, white grubs and
termites. |
Reproductive
disorders, blood dyscariasis, brain cancer, Non Hodkins lymphoma |
| 7. |
Lindane |
It is used against sucking and
biting pest and as smoke for control of pests in grain sores. It is used as dust to
control various soil pests.such as flea beetles and mushroom flies. It is effective as
soil dressing against the attack of soil insects |
Chronic liver damage-cirrhosis
and chronic hepatitis, endocrine and reproductive disorders, allergic dermatitis, breast
cancer, Non hodkins lymphoma, polyneuritis. |
| 8. |
Fenitrothion |
It is a
broad spectrum contact insecticide effective for the control of chewing and sucking pests-
locusts aphids, caterpillars and leaf hoppers. It is also used against domestic insects
and mosquitoes |
Human epidemiological evidence
indicates fenitrothion causes eye effects such as retinal degeneration and myopia. Chronic
exposure to Fenitrothion can cause frontal lobe impairment. Organo-phosphates are
suspected of causing neurologic deficits. |
| 9. |
Fenthion |
It is a persistent contact
insecticide valuable against fruitflies, leaf hoppers, cereal bugs, and weaverbirds in the
tropics |
Fenthion may be mutagenic:
causing genetic aberrations. It may be a carcinogen |
| 10. |
Parathion |
A contact insecticide and
acaricide with some fumigant action. Very effective against soil insects with high
mammalian toxicity |
Parathion is a possible
carcinogen |
| 11. |
Profenofos |
Used for control of important
cotton and vegetable pests. Used against chewing and sucking insects and mites, cotton
bollworms, aphids, cabbage looper and thrips |
Cholinesterase inhibition and
the associated neurological and neuromuscular effects |
| 12. |
Phorate |
A systemic and contact
insecticide employed for the control of aphids, carrot fly, fruit fly and wireworm in
potatoes |
Cholinesterase inhibition and
the associated neurological and neuromuscular effects |
| 13. |
Malathion |
Widely used insecticide and
acaricide used for the control of aphids thrips, red spider mites, leafhoppers and thrips |
Malathion and its oxygen analog
malaoxon are both quite carcinogenic and have been linked with increased incidence of
leukemia in mammals. Chronic health effects include: suspected mutagen and teratogen,
delayed neurotoxin, allergic reactions, behavioral effects, ulcers, eye damage, abnormal
brain waves and immuno-suppression |
| 14. |
Monocrotofos |
A powerful contact and systemic
insecticide and acaricide with a broad spectrum of activity used to control pests on crops
like cotton, rice, soyabean, maize, coffee, citrus and potatoes |
Monocrotophos has also been
shown to cause delayed neuropathy |
| 15. |
Dimethoate. |
A systemic and contact
insecticide and acaricide, effective against red spider mites and thrips on most
agricultural and horticultural crops |
Dimethoate might have
carcinogenicity, birth defects, reproductive toxicity and mutagenic effects |
| 16. |
Chlorpyrifos |
A broad spectrum
insecticide used against mosquitoes, fly larvae, cabbage root fly, aphids, codling and
wintermoths on fruit trees. It is also used in homes, restaurants against cockroaches and
other domestic pests. It is also used for the control of termites |
Chlorpyrifos has
chronic neurobehavioral effects like persistent headaches, blurred vision, unusual fatigue
or muscle weakness, and problems with mental function including memory, concentration,
depression, and irritability. |
| 17. |
Diazinon |
A contact insecticide effective
against a number of soil, fruit, vegetable and rice pests e.g. cabbage root, carrot and
mushroom flies, aphids, spidermites, thrips and scale insects domestic pests and livestock
pests |
Non Hodkins lymphoma |
| 18. |
Quinalphos |
A broad spectrum contact and
systemic insecticides applied as a spray to control pests in cereals, brassicas and other
vegetables |
Anti-choline esterase |
| 19. |
Triazophos |
Used against flies and insect
pests of cerealos, maize, oilseed rape, brassicas, carrots, weevils in peas and cut worms
in potatoes and other crops |
Anti choline esterase |
| 20. |
Ethion |
Used for the control of aphids
and mites |
Impaired memory and
concentration, disorientation, severe depression, irritability, confusion, headache,
speech difficulties, delayed reaction times, nightmares, sleepwalking, and drowsiness or
insomnia. An influenza-like condition with headache, nausea, weakness, loss of appetite,
and malaise |
| 21. |
Acephate |
It is a systemic insecticide
effective against chewing and sucking pests. |
It is a possible human
carcinogen and evidence of mutagenic effects and reproductive toxicity. |
| 22. |
Fenvalerate |
It act contact and stomach
poison. It controls the pests on crops of cotton, vegetables and fruits. |
Reduction in weight. |
| 23. |
Permethrin |
It is a stomach and contact
insecticide effective against broad range of pests of cotton, fruit and vegetable crops. |
Health risks found include
genetic damage - cancer potential - neurotoxic dangers to unborn children - and harm to
marine life. |
| 24. |
Cypermethrin |
It is a stomach and contact
insecticide effective against broad range of pests of cotton, fruit and vegetable crops. |
Cypermethrin is a possible
human carcinogen. |
| 25. |
Deltamethrin |
It is a potent insecticide
effective as a contact and stomach poison against broad range of pests of cotton, fruit
and vegetable crops and store products. |
Potential endocrine disrupter |
| 26. |
Carbaryl |
It is a contact insecticide and
fruit thinner with a broad spectrum of activity effective against many pests of fruits,
vegetables and cotton. It is also used to control earthworms and leather jackets in turf. |
Carbaryl may cause mutations
(genetic changes) in living cells. It is a possible teratogen & may damage the kidneys
and nervous systems. Within the stomach produces N-nitrocarbaryl, a well known carcinogen,
Non-hodkins Lymphoma, brain cancer. |
| 27. |
Carbofuran |
It is a broad spectrum systemic
insecticide, acaricide and nematicide used against insects, mites and incorporated in soil
for control of soil insects and nematodes. |
Carbofuran causes
cholinesterase inhibition in both humans and animals, affecting nervous system function. |
| 28. |
Aldicab |
It is a systemic insecticide,
acaricide and nematicide which is formulated as granules for soil incorporation. It is
effective for control of aphids, nematodes,flea beetles, leaf miners, thrips and white
flies on a wide range of crops. |
Aldicarb is a cholinesterase
inhibitor and so can result in a variety of symptoms including weakness, blurred vision,
headache, nausea, tearing, sweating, and tremors. |
| 29. |
Methomyl |
It is used as a soil and seed
systemic insecticide applied as a foliar spray to control aphids. |
Inhibition of cholinesterase,
resulting in flu-like symptoms, such as weakness, lack of appetite, and muscle aches. |
| 30. |
2, 4-D |
It is a selective systemic post
emergence herbicide used for the control of many annual broadleaf weeds in cereals,
sugarcane and plantation crops. |
Twofold excess of all cancers
in Swedish railway workers, Non Hodkins Lymphoma |
| 31. |
Butachlor |
It controls annual grasses and
some broad leaved weeds in transplant and direct seeded rice. It is applied as
pre-emergence in EC formulations and as early post emergence in the form of granules. |
Weight loss, weight changes in
internal organs, reduced brain size together with lesions. |
| 32. |
Paraquat |
It is used as a plant dessicant
effective against grasses. |
Parkinson's & Alzheimer's
diseases. |
| 33. |
Simazine &Atrazine |
It is a persistent soil acting
herbicide which in high concentrations acts as total weed killer and in lower
concentrations is used for selective control of germinating weeds in a variety of crops -
maize, sugarcane, pineapple, sorghum. It is also used for long term control of annual
grass and broad-leaved weeds in crops like citrus, coffee, tea and cocoa. |
Cancer of testes |
| 34. |
Glyphosate |
It is a potent non-selective
post emergence herbicide which kills mono and dicotyledonous annual and perennial weeds |
No adverse effects. |
| 35. |
Isoproturon |
It is used to control annual
grass weeds in wheat rye and barley. |
Isoproturon appears to be a
tumour promoter rather than a complete carcinogen. |
| 36. |
Trifluralin |
It is used for the control of
annual grasses and broad leaved weeds in a wide range of crops cotton, groundnuts,
soyabeans, brassica, beans an cereals. |
Prolonged or repeated skin
contact with trifluralin may cause allergic dermatitis . Other effects include decreased
red blood cell counts and increases in methemoglobin, total serum lipids, triglycerides,
and cholesterol. It has been shown to cause liver and kidney damage in other studies of
chronic oral exposure in animals . |
| 37. |
Mancozeb |
It is a protective fungicide,
effective against a wide range of foliage disease. |
Ethylenethiourea (ETU) in the
course of mancozeb metabolism and production has the potential to cause goiter, a
condition in which the thyroid gland is enlarged, this metabolite has produced birth
defects and cancer in experimental animals |
| 38. |
Captan |
It is a foliage fungicide with
protective action . It is mainly used for seed treatment and soil fungicide. |
Captan is a possible carcinogen
and mutagen |
| 39. |
Captafol |
It is a protective, wide
spectrum foliage and soil fungicide. |
Captafol has oncogenic
potential (potential to cause cancer) |
| 40. |
Carbendazim |
It is a systemic fungicide
which controls wide range of pathogens of cereals , fruits, grapes ornamentals and
vegetables. It is very effective against leaf and ear disease of wheat. |
It disrupts the production of
sperm and damages testicular development in adult rats. Carbendazim is also a teratogen
damaging development of mammals in the womb. |
